[CODE HEALTH] Fix cland-tidy misc-no-recursion warnings

[marcalff]

Contributes to #2053

Changes

Fixed the following clang-tidy warnings:

---

opentelemetry-cpp/sdk/src/metrics/data/circular_buffer.cc (1 warnings)

Line	Check	Message
84	misc-no-recursion	function 'Increment' is within a recursive call chain

---

Method AdaptingIntegerArray::Increment was using terminal recursion:

• replaced the terminal recursive call with a loop
• then unrolled the loop to 2 calls, since EnlargeToFit expands the storage to the proper size.

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.31%. Comparing base (0962d71) to head (0329634).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4009      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.32%   90.31%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         230      230              
  Lines        7299     7300       +1     
==========================================
  Hits         6592     6592              
- Misses        707      708       +1     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sdk/src/metrics/data/circular_buffer.cc	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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