test: avoid restart in debugger exceptions test

[trivikr]

Fixes a flaky sync point in test-debugger-exceptions.

The test restarted the debugger after setting breakOnNone, then waited for the
initial break again. The restart is not needed for the assertion being made and
can intermittently time out while waiting for the break message.

Instead, the test now sets breakOnNone while already paused on the uncaught
exception, continues execution, and verifies that the debugger disconnects.

Refs:

• https://github.com/nodejs/node/actions/runs/26533911441/job/78157541700
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/actions/runs/26518409888/job/78102124966
• https://github.com/nodejs/node/actions/runs/26503176764/job/78048663317

Error log

Path: parallel/test-debugger-exceptions
Error: --- stderr ---
/Users/runner/work/node/node/node/test/common/debugger.js:92
        const timeoutErr = new Error(`Timeout (${TIMEOUT}) while waiting for ${pattern}`);
                           ^

Error: Timeout (15000) while waiting for /break (?:on start )?in/i
    at /Users/runner/work/node/node/node/test/common/debugger.js:92:28
    at new Promise (<anonymous>)
    at Object.waitFor (/Users/runner/work/node/node/node/test/common/debugger.js:67:14)
    at Object.waitForInitialBreak (/Users/runner/work/node/node/node/test/common/debugger.js:116:18)
    at /Users/runner/work/node/node/node/test/parallel/test-debugger-exceptions.js:55:17
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:104:5) {
  output: '< Debugger ending on ws://127.0.0.1:55106/bd3b1054-e004-4647-befb-bbcded26c129\n' +
    '< For help, see: [https://nodejs.org/learn/getting-started/debugging\n](https://nodejs.org/learn/getting-started/debugging/n)' +
    '< \n' +
    'debug> \n' +
    '< Debugger listening on ws://127.0.0.1:55109/38edde6c-fc97-464e-8e96-27cdb85f5cef\n' +
    '< For help, see: [https://nodejs.org/learn/getting-started/debugging\n](https://nodejs.org/learn/getting-started/debugging/n)' +
    '< \n' +
    'debug> connecting to 127.0.0.1:55109 ...\n' +
    '< Debugger attached.\n' +
    '< \n' +
    'debug>  ok\n' +
    'debug> '
}

---

Assisted-by: openai:gpt-5.5

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.32%. Comparing base (4639dcb) to head (7da672d).
⚠️ Report is 79 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #63606      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   90.29%   90.32%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         730      730              
  Lines      234695   234695              
  Branches    43956    43961       +5     
==========================================
+ Hits       211927   211984      +57     
+ Misses      14494    14421      -73     
- Partials     8274     8290      +16     

see 47 files with indirect coverage changes

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