GH-49321: [C++][Python] Add pixi build for Arrow and PyArrow

ci/docker/pixi-cpp.dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+ARG arch=amd64
+FROM ${arch}/ubuntu:24.04
+
+# install build essentials
+RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && \
+    apt-get update -y -q && \
+    apt-get install -y -q \
+    curl \
+    gdb \
+    libc6-dbg \
+    tzdata \
+    wget && \
+    apt-get clean && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# install pixi
+RUN curl -fsSL https://pixi.sh/install.sh -o /tmp/install-pixi.sh
+RUN PIXI_HOME=/opt/pixi PIXI_NO_PATH_UPDATE=1 sh /tmp/install-pixi.sh && rm /tmp/install-pixi.sh
+ENV PATH=/opt/pixi/bin:$PATH
+
+# Verify pixi installation
+RUN pixi --version

ci/pixi/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+**/.pixi
+**/pixi.lock

ci/pixi/pixi.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[workspace]
+channels = ["https://prefix.dev/conda-forge"]
+platforms = ["linux-64", "linux-aarch64", "osx-arm64"]
+preview = ["pixi-build"]
+
+[environments]
+default = []
+test    = ["test"]
+
+[feature.test.activation.env]                                                                                                                                                                                       
+ARROW_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/testing/data"
+
+[feature.test.dependencies]
+binutils = "*"
+cmake = "*"
+python = "*"
+
+[feature.test.tasks]
+# This path mangling feels extremely finicky. Investigate alternatives to make this more robust.
+test = "cd $(ls -d /arrow/ci/pixi/.pixi/build/work/arrow-cpp-*/work/build | head -n 1) && ctest --output-on-failure"
+
+[package]
+name = "arrow-cpp"
+# TODO: Incorporate this to the bump version script and tests
+version = "25.0.0.dev"
+authors = ["Apache Arrow"]
+
+[package.build]
+source.path = "../../cpp"
+
+[package.build.backend]
+name = "pixi-build-cmake"
+version = "*"
+
+[package.build.config]
+extra-args = ["-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release",
+              "-DARROW_BUILD_TESTS=ON"]
+
+[package.host-dependencies]
+gflags = "*"
+gmock  = ">=1.10.0"
+gtest  = ">=1.10.0"
+libboost-devel = "*"
+rapidjson = "*"
+xsimd = ">=14.0"

compose.yaml

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ x-hierarchy:
   - fedora-cpp:
     - fedora-python
   - fedora-r-clang
+  - pixi-cpp
   - python-sdist
   - ubuntu-cpp:
     - ubuntu-cpp-static
@@ -201,6 +202,8 @@ volumes:
     name: python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-ccache
   python-wheel-musllinux-1-2-ccache:
     name: python-wheel-musllinux-1-2-ccache
+  pixi-cpp-build:
+    name: ${ARCH}-pixi-cpp-build
   ubuntu-ccache:
     name: ${ARCH}-ubuntu-${UBUNTU}-ccache
 
@@ -1158,6 +1161,31 @@ services:
     volumes: *ubuntu-volumes
     command: *python-command
 
+  ############################  Pixi builds  ##################################
+
+  pixi-cpp:
+    # C++ build with pixi
+    #
+    # Usage:
+    #   docker compose build pixi-cpp
+    #   docker compose run --rm pixi-cpp
+    # Parameters:
+    #   ARCH: amd64, arm32v7
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-pixi
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/pixi-cpp.dockerfile
+      cache_from:
+        - ${REPO}:${ARCH}-pixi-cpp
+      args:
+        arch: ${ARCH}
+    volumes:
+      - .:/arrow:delegated
+      - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}pixi-cpp-build:/arrow/ci/pixi/.pixi:delegated
+    command:  >
+      /bin/sh -c "pixi build --path /arrow/ci/pixi &&
+        pixi run --environment test --manifest-path /arrow/ci/pixi test"
+
   ############################ Python wheels ##################################
 
   # See available versions at:

dev/tasks/tasks.yml

@@ -364,6 +364,12 @@ tasks:
     params:
       image: conda-cpp-valgrind
 
+  test-pixi-cpp:
+    ci: github
+    template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml
+    params:
+      image: pixi-cpp
+
   test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp:
     ci: github
     template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml