Improve BinarySearch documentation with edge cases

[prashantpiyush1111]

Added Edge Cases section in BinarySearch JavaDoc to improve clarity and help beginners understand special scenarios.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.56%. Comparing base (b3e31b5) to head (c9c0e2d).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7383      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     79.53%   79.56%   +0.02%     
- Complexity     7176     7184       +8     
============================================
  Files           798      799       +1     
  Lines         23467    23484      +17     
  Branches       4617     4617              
============================================
+ Hits          18665    18685      +20     
+ Misses         4055     4054       -1     
+ Partials        747      745       -2     

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[DenizAltunkapan]

@prashantpiyush1111 You worked on the same branch as #7382 , which stops me from approving this PR because the StackedUsingLinkedList-class already exists in https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/stacks/StackOfLinkedList.java. Please remove your redundant second implementation or improve the existing one.

[DenizAltunkapan]

even contains changes from #7381 ... Please ensure that unrelated changes are not included in the same branch. In the future, use separate branches for independent implementations or fixes.