diff --git a/doc/api/http.md b/doc/api/http.md
index 76950b95f8c5de..02602061703c1c 100644
--- a/doc/api/http.md
+++ b/doc/api/http.md
@@ -2086,6 +2086,61 @@ emitted when the last segment of the response headers and body have been
 handed off to the operating system for transmission over the network. It
 does not imply that the client has received anything yet.
 
+### Event: `'sendingHeaders'`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+Emitted synchronously, exactly once, immediately before the status line and
+response headers are serialized and sent to the client. The listener is called
+with `this` bound to the response.
+
+This is the moment at which the response is about to become committed: when the
+event fires, [`response.headersSent`][] is still `false`, so a listener may make
+final changes to the outgoing message. From inside the listener it is valid to:
+
+* read headers with [`response.getHeader()`][] / [`response.getHeaders()`][];
+* add, replace, or remove headers with [`response.setHeader()`][],
+  [`outgoingMessage.appendHeader()`][], and [`response.removeHeader()`][];
+* change [`response.statusCode`][] and [`response.statusMessage`][].
+
+The event is emitted regardless of how the headers are flushed: an explicit call
+to [`response.writeHead()`][], implicit headers triggered by the first
+[`response.write()`][] or [`response.end()`][], or [`response.flushHeaders()`][].
+Because it is a single emission point, multiple independent listeners (for
+example logging, session, and content-negotiation middleware) can each register
+without coordinating with one another. Listeners run in registration order.
+
+The listener runs synchronously and must not be an `async` function: work
+deferred past an `await` runs after the headers are already sent, so only
+changes made synchronously take effect.
+
+```js
+const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
+  res.on('sendingHeaders', function() {
+    // Set a header at the last possible moment, based on final state.
+    this.setHeader('X-Response-Time', `${Date.now() - req.startTime}ms`);
+    if (!this.getHeader('Content-Type')) {
+      this.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
+    }
+  });
+
+  res.end('hello');
+});
+```
+
+A header passed inline to `response.writeHead()` is visible to the listener and
+can be modified there, including the array form:
+
+```js
+res.on('sendingHeaders', function() {
+  // 'X-Inline' was passed to writeHead() below; it can still be removed here.
+  this.removeHeader('X-Inline');
+});
+res.writeHead(200, ['X-Inline', 'value', 'Content-Type', 'text/plain']);
+```
+
 ### `response.addTrailers(headers)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -4741,6 +4796,7 @@ const agent2 = new http.Agent({ proxyEnv: process.env });
 [`net.Socket`]: net.md#class-netsocket
 [`net.createConnection()`]: net.md#netcreateconnectionoptions-connectlistener
 [`new URL()`]: url.md#new-urlinput-base
+[`outgoingMessage.appendHeader()`]: #outgoingmessageappendheadername-value
 [`outgoingMessage.setHeader(name, value)`]: #outgoingmessagesetheadername-value
 [`outgoingMessage.setHeaders()`]: #outgoingmessagesetheadersheaders
 [`outgoingMessage.socket`]: #outgoingmessagesocket
@@ -4758,9 +4814,15 @@ const agent2 = new http.Agent({ proxyEnv: process.env });
 [`request.writableFinished`]: #requestwritablefinished
 [`request.write(data, encoding)`]: #requestwritechunk-encoding-callback
 [`response.end()`]: #responseenddata-encoding-callback
+[`response.flushHeaders()`]: #responseflushheaders
 [`response.getHeader()`]: #responsegetheadername
+[`response.getHeaders()`]: #responsegetheaders
+[`response.headersSent`]: #responseheaderssent
+[`response.removeHeader()`]: #responseremoveheadername
 [`response.setHeader()`]: #responsesetheadername-value
 [`response.socket`]: #responsesocket
+[`response.statusCode`]: #responsestatuscode
+[`response.statusMessage`]: #responsestatusmessage
 [`response.strictContentLength`]: #responsestrictcontentlength
 [`response.writableEnded`]: #responsewritableended
 [`response.writableFinished`]: #responsewritablefinished
diff --git a/lib/_http_server.js b/lib/_http_server.js
index 0f5865126689d3..b566acdfe0cd31 100644
--- a/lib/_http_server.js
+++ b/lib/_http_server.js
@@ -429,8 +429,14 @@ function writeHead(statusCode, reason, obj) {
   }
   this.statusCode = statusCode;
 
+  // When a pre-serialization headers listener is registered we always
+  // materialize the header collection (kOutHeaders), including headers passed
+  // inline to writeHead(), so the listener gets a single, unified, mutable
+  // view of every outgoing header.
+  const hasHeadersListeners = this.listenerCount('sendingHeaders') > 0;
+
   let headers;
-  if (this[kOutHeaders]) {
+  if (this[kOutHeaders] || hasHeadersListeners) {
     // Slow-case: when progressive API and header fields are passed.
     let k;
     if (ArrayIsArray(obj)) {
@@ -467,6 +473,24 @@ function writeHead(statusCode, reason, obj) {
     headers = obj;
   }
 
+  // Fire the pre-serialization hook. Listeners run synchronously with `this`
+  // bound to the response, immediately before the status line and header block
+  // are serialized to the wire. They may still mutate headers via
+  // setHeader()/appendHeader()/removeHeader() and change statusCode/
+  // statusMessage. It is a single choke point reached by every code path
+  // (explicit writeHead(), implicit headers from write()/end(), and
+  // flushHeaders()).
+  if (hasHeadersListeners) {
+    this.emit('sendingHeaders');
+    // Re-read state a listener may have changed. Assigning `res.statusCode`
+    // does not validate, so re-check the range after the listener ran.
+    headers = this[kOutHeaders];
+    statusCode = this.statusCode | 0;
+    if (statusCode < 100 || statusCode > 999) {
+      throw new ERR_HTTP_INVALID_STATUS_CODE(statusCode);
+    }
+  }
+
   if (checkInvalidHeaderChar(this.statusMessage))
     throw new ERR_INVALID_CHAR('statusMessage');
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-http-sending-headers.js b/test/parallel/test-http-sending-headers.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6cd90ddf1906b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-http-sending-headers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const http = require('http');
+
+// 1) Fires once, before serialization, for an implicit-header response (end()).
+{
+  const server = http.createServer(common.mustCall((req, res) => {
+    let fired = 0;
+    res.on('sendingHeaders', common.mustCall(function() {
+      fired++;
+      // Headers not yet sent, still mutable.
+      assert.strictEqual(this.headersSent, false);
+      this.setHeader('X-Added-In-Hook', 'yes');
+    }));
+    res.end('body');
+    // Synchronous: hook has already run by the time end() returns.
+    assert.strictEqual(fired, 1);
+  }));
+
+  server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+    http.get({ port: server.address().port }, common.mustCall((res) => {
+      assert.strictEqual(res.headers['x-added-in-hook'], 'yes');
+      res.resume().on('end', common.mustCall(() => server.close()));
+    }));
+  }));
+}
+
+// 2) Listener may change the status code, and it is reflected on the wire.
+{
+  const server = http.createServer(common.mustCall((req, res) => {
+    res.on('sendingHeaders', common.mustCall(function() {
+      this.statusCode = 503;
+      this.statusMessage = 'Service Unavailable';
+    }));
+    res.writeHead(200);
+    res.end();
+  }));
+
+  server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+    http.get({ port: server.address().port }, common.mustCall((res) => {
+      assert.strictEqual(res.statusCode, 503);
+      res.resume().on('end', common.mustCall(() => server.close()));
+    }));
+  }));
+}
+
+// 3) Listener sees and can remove headers passed INLINE to writeHead(),
+//    including the array form.
+{
+  const server = http.createServer(common.mustCall((req, res) => {
+    res.on('sendingHeaders', common.mustCall(function() {
+      assert.strictEqual(this.getHeader('X-Inline'), 'a');
+      this.removeHeader('X-Inline');
+      this.setHeader('X-From-Hook', 'b');
+    }));
+    res.writeHead(200, ['X-Inline', 'a', 'Content-Type', 'text/plain']);
+    res.end('ok');
+  }));
+
+  server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+    http.get({ port: server.address().port }, common.mustCall((res) => {
+      assert.strictEqual(res.headers['x-inline'], undefined);
+      assert.strictEqual(res.headers['x-from-hook'], 'b');
+      assert.strictEqual(res.headers['content-type'], 'text/plain');
+      res.resume().on('end', common.mustCall(() => server.close()));
+    }));
+  }));
+}
+
+// 4) Multiple listeners all run (FIFO, EventEmitter semantics).
+{
+  const order = [];
+  const server = http.createServer(common.mustCall((req, res) => {
+    res.on('sendingHeaders', common.mustCall(() => order.push(1)));
+    res.on('sendingHeaders', common.mustCall(() => order.push(2)));
+    res.end();
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(order, [1, 2]);
+  }));
+
+  server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+    http.get({ port: server.address().port }, common.mustCall((res) => {
+      res.resume().on('end', common.mustCall(() => server.close()));
+    }));
+  }));
+}
+
+// 5) flushHeaders() also triggers the hook exactly once.
+{
+  const server = http.createServer(common.mustCall((req, res) => {
+    res.on('sendingHeaders', common.mustCall(function() {
+      this.setHeader('X-Flushed', '1');
+    }));
+    res.flushHeaders();
+    res.end();
+  }));
+
+  server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+    http.get({ port: server.address().port }, common.mustCall((res) => {
+      assert.strictEqual(res.headers['x-flushed'], '1');
+      res.resume().on('end', common.mustCall(() => server.close()));
+    }));
+  }));
+}
+
+// 6) The hook is synchronous: only changes made before an `await` take effect.
+//    Work deferred past `await` runs after the headers are sent, so a later
+//    setHeader() throws and a statusCode change is not reflected on the wire.
+{
+  const server = http.createServer(common.mustCall((req, res) => {
+    res.on('sendingHeaders', common.mustCall(async function() {
+      this.setHeader('X-Sync', 'before');
+      await null;
+      assert.strictEqual(this.headersSent, true);
+      this.statusCode = 503; // No effect: headers already sent.
+      assert.throws(() => this.setHeader('X-Async', 'after'), {
+        code: 'ERR_HTTP_HEADERS_SENT',
+      });
+      server.close();
+    }));
+    res.end('hello');
+  }));
+
+  server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+    http.get({ port: server.address().port }, common.mustCall((res) => {
+      assert.strictEqual(res.statusCode, 200);
+      assert.strictEqual(res.headers['x-sync'], 'before');
+      assert.strictEqual(res.headers['x-async'], undefined);
+      res.resume();
+    }));
+  }));
+}