fix(kernel): server-sourced async state + cursor-state/metadata parity for use_kernel #2989

Job	Run time
check-types (3.9)	2m 19s
check-types (3.10)	1m 54s
check-types (3.14)	16m 50s
check-types (3.12)	1m 55s
check-types (3.11)	1m 51s
check-linting (3.12)	2m 3s
check-types (3.13)	2m 16s
check-linting (3.13)	2m 1s
check-linting (3.11)	1m 59s
check-linting (3.10)	1m 47s
check-linting (3.9)	2m 3s
check-linting (3.14)	16m 54s
Unit Tests (Python 3.14, min deps)	18m 27s
Unit Tests (Python 3.9, min deps)	4m 6s
Unit Tests (Python 3.9, default deps)	3m 47s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.11, min deps)	5m 6s
Unit Tests (Python 3.14, default deps)	18m 6s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.13, default deps)	4m 19s
Unit Tests (Python 3.13, default deps)	3m 25s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.12, default deps)	4m 20s
Unit Tests (Python 3.10, min deps)	4m 2s
Unit Tests (Python 3.12, default deps)	3m 34s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.10, min deps)	4m 44s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.11, default deps)	4m 22s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.9, default deps)	4m 33s
Unit Tests (Python 3.11, default deps)	3m 25s
Unit Tests (Python 3.11, min deps)	4m 6s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.9, min deps)	5m 3s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.14, min deps)	19m 55s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.14, default deps)	18m 54s
Unit Tests (Python 3.10, default deps)	3m 30s
Unit Tests + PyArrow (Python 3.10, default deps)	4m 21s
	3h 15m 57s

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